{"id":9464,"date":"2024-10-10T08:33:33","date_gmt":"2024-10-10T08:33:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stolpersteinecz.cz\/?p=9464"},"modified":"2024-10-11T09:05:02","modified_gmt":"2024-10-11T09:05:02","slug":"schwarzwald-gustav","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stolpersteinecz.cz\/en\/schwarzwald-gustav\/","title":{"rendered":"SCHWARZWALD GUSTAV"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Address:\u00a0DLOUH\u00c1 729\/37, PRAGUE 1\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

Born on the <\/span>04th<\/sup> May 1887\u00a0<\/span>in Zawiercie\/Piotrkow\/Russland
\n<\/span>DEPORTED and MURDERED 11.12.1942 IN AUSCHWITZ<\/p>\n

Primeros<\/b>\u00a0is the oldest registered brand of condoms in Europe. It was founded in\u00a0Prague, Central Europe in 1909 by the Jewish merchant Gustav Schwarzwald.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Primeros has officially existed since 1909,<\/sup>\u00a0when its founder, the Jewish merchant Gustav Schwarzwald, registered a trademark for\u00a0rubber\u00a0goods and\u00a0condoms.<\/sup>\u00a0The headquarters of the Primeros company was located in the\u00a0Prague\u00a0city center in the merchant house “At The Golden Tree”.<\/sup>\u00a0In 1927, Gustav Schwarzwald founded the “Gustav Schwarzwald \u2013 Primeros Rubber Goods Factory” in\u00a0Dresden, respectively, in the nearby town of\u00a0Ortrand,<\/sup>\u00a0to facilitate trade relations threatened by the rising economic barriers between\u00a0Czechoslovakia\u00a0and\u00a0Germany. The following year, he transferred his business ownership in\u00a0Prague to his sister Eleonora Schwarzwald (L\u00f6wy or Lowry later in the US).
\nGustav Schwarzwald continued to own and keep control of the patent, brand and\u00a0utility model\u00a0for Primeros condoms, but due to the deteriorating political situation in\u00a0Nazi Germany, he\"\" was forced to defend his property rights during increasingly frequent anti-Jewish actions.<\/sup>\u00a0Under the so-called\u00a0Nuremberg Anti- Laws, the factory in\u00a0Dresden\u00a0(Ortrand) was finally confiscated by the\u00a0Nazis\u00a0in 1936.<\/sup>\u00a0The\u00a0confiscation\u00a0was formally justified as the illegal export of intellectual property from\u00a0Germany\u00a0to the sister\u00a0Czechoslovak\u00a0factory Primeros.<\/sup>\u00a0After his arrest for alleged\u00a0tax evasion\u00a0in 1937, Gustav Schwarzwald wanted to transfer the\u00a0patent rights\u00a0of the Primeros brand to the safety of his family, fearing for his life. However, the German authorities repeatedly prevented him from doing so.<\/p>\n

His sister Eleonora, meanwhile, expanded her previously acquired business in 1932 by adding a new factory in\u00a0D\u011b\u010d\u00edn\u00a0on the\u00a0Czechoslovak\u00a0border with\u00a0Germany\u00a0(then the\u00a0Sudetenland), where she produced seamless\u00a0rubber\u00a0goods, especially condoms of the then renowned Primeros brand. After the\u00a0Munich Agreement\u00a0in 1938, on the basis of which the territory of the Czechoslovakian\u00a0Sudetenland\u00a0fell to the\u00a0Nazi German Empire, the factory was also confiscated. In the autumn of 1938, an arrest warrant was issued for Eleonora by the Nazi\u00a0Gestapo, before which she fled to France, just a few days after the\u00a0occupation of Czechoslovakia\u00a0by German troops in March 1939.<\/sup><\/p>\n

Together with her husband and sons Hanu\u0161 and Ji\u0159\u00ed, Eleonora obtained a visa from the Portuguese consul in\u00a0Bordeaux,\u00a0Aristides de Sousa Mendes, in June 1940. Through\u00a0Portugal, she also managed to board an ocean liner to New York, where she arrived in March 1941.<\/sup>\u00a0According to the\u00a0American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, Eleonora’s husband, Otto L\u00f6wy, tried to help his brother-in-law Gustav Schwarzwald escape from the\u00a0Nazi regime\u00a0to\u00a0America, but to no avail.<\/sup><\/p>\n

Gustav Schwarzwald was eventually murdered for being Jewish on 11 December 1942, in the\u00a0Nazi extermination camp\u00a0Auschwitz-Birkenau\u00a0, near his hometown of\u00a0Zawiercie\u00a0(today’s\u00a0Polish Silesia).<\/p>\n

Author of photos: Jaroslav Tatek.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/sup><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Address:\u00a0DLOUH\u00c1 729\/37, PRAGUE 1 Born on the 04th May 1887\u00a0in Zawiercie\/Piotrkow\/Russland DEPORTED and MURDERED 11.12.1942 IN AUSCHWITZ Primeros\u00a0is the oldest registered brand of condoms in Europe. It was founded in\u00a0Prague, Central Europe in 1909 by the Jewish merchant Gustav Schwarzwald. Primeros has officially existed since 1909,\u00a0when its founder, the Jewish merchant Gustav Schwarzwald, registered a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-praha"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stolpersteinecz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9464","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stolpersteinecz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stolpersteinecz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stolpersteinecz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stolpersteinecz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9464"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/stolpersteinecz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9464\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9702,"href":"https:\/\/stolpersteinecz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9464\/revisions\/9702"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stolpersteinecz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9464"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stolpersteinecz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9464"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stolpersteinecz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9464"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}